What happens during a root canal?
Root canal treatment has a reputation for being frightening — in reality, modern techniques make it similar to having a routine filling placed. Here's what to expect, step by step.
1. Assessment and numbing
Your dentist examines the tooth, often with an X-ray, to confirm infection or damage inside the tooth's pulp. The area is then thoroughly numbed with local anesthetic.
2. Isolating the tooth
A small protective sheet (dam) is usually placed around the tooth to keep the area clean and dry during treatment.
3. Removing the damaged pulp
A small opening is made in the tooth, and the infected or inflamed pulp tissue inside the root canals is carefully removed.
4. Cleaning and shaping
The empty canals are cleaned, disinfected, and shaped to prepare them for filling.
5. Filling and sealing
The canals are filled with a biocompatible material and the opening is sealed, often with a temporary filling initially.
6. Restoring the tooth
Because a root-canal-treated tooth can become more brittle, a permanent filling or a crown is usually recommended afterward to protect it long-term.
How long does it take?
Most root canal appointments take between 60–90 minutes, sometimes over one or two visits depending on the tooth and complexity.
What does recovery feel like?
Mild tenderness for a few days is common and usually manageable with over-the-counter pain relief. Most people return to normal activities the same day.
Think you might need a root canal?
If you have persistent tooth pain, sensitivity, or swelling, get in touch and we'll advise on next steps.
This article provides general information and does not constitute individualized medical advice. Always consult your dentist about your specific situation.